Tranexamic acid and perioperative bleeding in children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Perioperative bleeding and blood product transfusion are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Prevention and optimal management of bleeding decreases risk and lowers costs. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent that reduces bleeding and transfusion in a broad number of adult and pediatric surgeries, as well as in trauma and obstetrics. This review highlights the current pediatric indications and contraindications of TXA. The efficacy and safety profile, given current and evolving research, will be covered. RECENT FINDINGS: Based on the published evidence, prophylactic or therapeutic TXA administration is a well-tolerated and effective strategy to reduce bleeding, decrease allogeneic blood product transfusion, and improve pediatric patients' outcomes. TXA is now recommended in recent guidelines as an important part of pediatric blood management protocols. SUMMARY: Based on TXA pharmacokinetics, the authors recommend a dosing regimen of between 10 to 30 mg/kg loading dose followed by 5 to 10 mg/kg/h maintenance infusion rate for pediatric trauma and surgery. Maximal efficacy and minimal side-effects with this dosage regime will have to be determined in larger prospective trials including high-risk groups. Furthermore, future research should focus on determining the ideal TXA plasma therapeutic concentration for maximum efficacy and minimal side-effects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".