Predictors of Mexican Colonia Residents' Health Perceptions and Spirituality Level: A Pilot Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The purpose of this pilot study was to examine and identify factors predictive of health perceptions and spirituality levels of Mexican residents living in a border colonia. Sixty residents completed a survey. The instrument consisted of demographics items, a spiritual well-being scale containing two subscales, and a general health rating index (GHRI) containing five subscales used to measure health perceptions. Current health was rated better by those who reported having a physician. Health outlook was positively correlated to church attendance and to the number of individuals living in the home. Health worry/concern was positively correlated with age and inversely correlated with income. Correlations between general health perceptions and spiritual well-being yielded three significant relationships: current health, resistance to illness, and health outlook. Higher sense of spiritual well-being positively correlated (r = 0.61, p Key words: Health, Health Needs, Health Education, Colonia, Spirituality, Predictive Measures Introduction Background: Establishment of maquiladoras industry and colonias near the U.S. and Mexico Border The United States (U.S.) and Mexico border region is defined by the U.S. and Mexican government in the La Paz Agreement of 1983 as the 62 miles north and south of the border. (1) The area is approximately 2,000 miles long, stretching from San Ysidro, California to Brownsville, Texas. Comprised within the border area are four states in the United States and six states in Mexico. The forty-eight counties on the border within Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California are among the poorest in the country, and the border area, including Mexico's side, ranks last in access to health care and last in per capita income. Not only are high rates of poverty and unemployment a concern, the region is medically underserved, creating pressing health and social conditions. On January 1, 1994, the National America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) among the United States, Canada, and Mexico was implemented in order to make international trading of imports and exports less complicated. Before NAFTA, on the Mexican side of the border, there were only a few hundred maquiladoras (export-oriented factories). However, ten years later they numbered more than 3,800. (2) The maquiladoras industry has become Mexico's second-largest source of export earnings and primarily produce electronic equipment, clothing, plastics, furniture, appliances, and auto parts; however, the wages within several maquiladoras are relatively low, ranging from 50 cents to one dollar per day. (2,3) A large number of individuals throughout Mexico migrate north to the border, seeking employment opportunities. Unfortunately, the cost of living in border towns is often 30% higher than in southern Mexico, and many of the maquiladora employees are forced to live in shanty towns or colonias (neighborhoods) near the factory cities. (2) The development of colonias, defined as unincorporated subdivisions or pockets of shanty homes with extreme impoverished conditions, began in the late 1950's. …
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".