Degradation of an HDPE geomembrane without HALS in chlorinated water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The degradation of a 1.5 mm high-density polyethylene geomembrane without hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) immersed in four chlorinated water solutions is examined over a 3-year period at five temperatures (25, 40, 65, 75, and 85°C). To simulate field conditions in potable water reservoirs in which high successive chlorine doses are introduced into the system, the field mass loading of the chlorine was simulated in the laboratory instead of the more typical constant average chlorine concentration. The solutions had a boosted free chlorine content selected to maintain the same ratio of the mass of free chlorine in the water to the surface area of the geomembrane in the immersion jars, as experienced in field applications, for four nominal free chlorine concentrations (content of 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 ppm). The depletion of antioxidants and decrease in stress crack resistance (SCR) for a geomembrane immersed in a solution with 0.5 ppm free chlorine was much faster than in deionised and tap waters or synthetic municipal solid waste leachate. At this concentration, the geomembrane reached complete brittleness after 6 months of incubation at 85°C. Arrhenius modelling is used to predict the length of the antioxidant depletion stage and the time to brittleness (reaching SCR = 50 h) in chlorinated water.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".