Total Quality Management (TQM) Implementation in the Manufacturing Sector in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Despite the widespread adoption of Total Quality Management (TQM) and its theoretical applicability within the institutional framework, in the Middle East, particularly in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the rhetoric in TQM has weakened the practical application and foundation of TQM as a quality management framework. There is also a scarcity of empirical evidence to support the various theoretical meanings.Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify, critically evaluate, and understand the findings of current high-quality TQM implementation literature within the manufacturing sector in Saudi Arabia.Results: The paper highlights that the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)9000 is the most implemented model within the manufacturing sector. However, this sector is still facing numerous challenges in the adoption of TQM such as; the disagreement as per the importance of TQM, the difference in the professional and technical know-how, weaknesses in the training and development systems, and the limitations that plague the institutional frameworks. Furthermore, there is a lack of financial resources to invest in the TQM processes, as well as the negative implications of the development model.Conclusions: This study provides a systematic review of TQM implementation in the manufacturing sector in Saudi Arabia. The study reveals that ISO 9000 has been the adoptable model in this sector. This systematic review contributes to the understanding of what has been done recently in the field of TQM model implementation, its development and validation in the manufacturing sector in Saudi Arabia. Also, it uncovers eminent study gaps for future research.
Stored with the screening record, where it is evidence for the labels above.
How this classification was reachedexpand
The three-model screen
all 5,600 screened works →All three models called this out of scope.
Systematic review of total quality management implementation in Saudi manufacturing; the synthesis method is used to answer a management question about firms, not to study research.
The review studies TQM implementation in Saudi manufacturing rather than research practice.
Systematic review of TQM in Saudi manufacturing; uses synthesis methods to answer a management question, not to study research itself.
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.014 | 0.043 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.010 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".