Proliferation of Recombinant PVY Strains in Two Potato-Producing Regions of Canada, and Symptom Expression in 30 Important Potato Varieties with Different PVY Strains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) exists as several strains with distinct symptomology and tuber yield effects in different potato varieties. Recently, new recombinant strains have proliferated and dominated local populations around the world. In this study, PVY O , PVY N:O , PVY N-Wi , and PVY NTN strains were tracked across Canada from 2014 to 2017, showing rapid evolution of populations away from the traditionally dominant PVY O to recombinants PVY N-Wi (western Canada) and PVY NTN (eastern Canada). Simultaneously, 30 potato varieties were inoculated with PVY O , PVY N:O , and PVY NTN in controlled greenhouse experiments. Foliar symptoms of primary (mechanical inoculation mimicking aphid infection) and secondary (tuber seedborne) infection were cataloged, and tuber yield measured. On average, and generally similar in primary and secondary infection, symptom expression and yield reduction were most severe with PVY O , followed by PVY N:O and PVY NTN . Strong mosaic symptoms were most commonly expressed with PVY O infection, and only seen with PVY N:O or PVY NTN in 15 and 3 varieties, respectively. Across variety–strain combinations, yield reduction was correlated with symptom severity, most strongly in PVY O -infected plants (e.g., AC Chaleur, Beljade, Envol, Norland, and Pacific Russet), and four varieties exhibited tuber necrotic ringspot disease with PVY NTN (AC Chaleur, Envol, Pacific Russet, and Yukon Gold).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".