Cardiac remodeling after six weeks of high-intensity interval training to exhaustion in endurance-trained males
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves physical performance of endurance athletes, although studies examining its cardiovascular effects are sparse. We evaluated the impact of HIIT on blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac cavities size and function in endurance-trained adults. Seventeen endurance-trained males underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and Doppler echocardiography at baseline and after 6 weeks of HIIT. Participants were divided in 2 groups (85% maximal aerobic power (MP); HIIT 85 , n=8 and 115% MP; HIIT 115 , n = 9) in order to compare the impact of different HIIT intensities. ABPM and cardiac chambers size and function were similar between groups at baseline. HIIT reduced heart rate (55 ± 8 vs. 51 ± 7 bpm; p= 0.003), systolic blood pressure (SBP; 121 ± 11 vs 118 ± 9 mmHg; p = 0.01), mean arterial pressure (MAP; 90 ± 8 vs 89 ± 6 mmHg; p = 0.03) and pulse pressure (52 ± 6 vs 49 ± 5 mmHg; p = 0.01), irrespective of training intensity. Left atrium (LA) volumes increased after HIIT (maximal: 50 ± 14 vs 54 ±14 ml; p= 0.02; minimal: 15 ± 5 vs 20 ± 8 ml; p = 0.01) in both groups. Right ventricle (RV) global longitudinal strain lowered after training in the HIIT 85 group only (20 ± 4 vs. 17 ± 3%, p = 0.04). In endurance-trained males, six weeks of HIIT reduce SBP and MAP and increase LA volumes irrespective of training intensity, whereas submaximal HIIT deteriorates RV systolic function. Key points High-intensity interval training improves physical performance of endurance athletes, although studies examining its cardiovascular effects are sparse. We evaluated the impact of submaximal (85% maximal aerobic power) and supramaximal (115% maximal aerobic power) high-intensity interval training on ambulatory blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac cavities size and function in endurance-trained adults. Irrespective of training intensity, six weeks of high-intensity interval training increase left atrial volumes in endurance-trained adults, whereas the submaximal training decreases right ventricular systolic function. These results may help identify the exercise threshold for potential toxicity of intense exercise training for at-risk individuals and ideal exercise training regimens conferring optimal cardiovascular protection and adapted endurance training for athletes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".