Discourses Of Muslim Citizenship and Belonging in the West Across Six Decades
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Road to Mecca by Asad (1954/2005), and Islam is a Foreign Country by Grewal (2014), are rich texts spanning six decades that theorize Muslim identities in the West. Asad’s classic account of a European convert’s nested journeys and Grewal’s ethnography of American Muslim student-travelers offer an opportunity to examine how theorizing Muslim identity in the West has shifted. In this paper, I use post-colonial theory to unpack how travel has served as a way of becoming a sovereign human subject at home in the West through travel to the East. I argue that Muslims in the West may repair their subjectivity through a process of becoming Western constructed against an Eastern Other. I juxtapose Asad’s and Grewal’s writings using intertextual discourse analysis (Fairclough, 1992, p.194) to conceptually compare similar blind spots that reveal the paradox of this pursuit of subjecthood. In doing so, I seek to contribute to a debate in citizenship education, immigrant identities and racialized settlerhood that is anti-racist and decolonial by complicating inclusion. This paper is drawn from the author’s published journal paper and is part of the author’s larger ongoing study on how Muslim youth negotiate their identity and citizenship through culture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.023 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".