The Consolidation Properties of Natural Fibre Clay Composite
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Settlement often occurs on weak soil due to its inability to support heavy loads which is not safe to the structures and the surroundings. In order to enhance the engineering properties of weak soil, a ground improvement technique called soil reinforcement was introduced. Soil reinforcement can be considered as economical because the reinforcement materials can be of natural fibres, hence eco-friendly. Fibres from coconut, rice husks and rhumbia are some of the natural fibres that can be found in abundance in Brunei Darussalam. In this paper, comparative study on the consolidation characteristics of soft soil reinforced with coconut husks or coir fibres at different inclusion of lengths and crushed forms were carried out on an intermediate plasticity clay obtained locally from the site of a RIPAS bridge at Sungai Kebun in Bandar Seri Begawan. The sample was first compacted to its maximum dry density in accordance to BS 1377: Part 4 to obtain its optimum moisture content for the samples preparation of consolidation tests series. The coir fibres used were in two different forms: (i) strands of 10, 20 and 30 mm length, and (ii) crushed form. The percentage inclusion of fibres was kept at an increment of 0.5% with a maximum of 2.0%. The consolidation behaviour of these reinforced samples were observed and compared with the unreinforced sample. The results indicated that different percentage inclusion of coir fibres affects the soils' consolidation behaviour in terms of the coefficient of consolidation, cv and coefficient of permeability, k. The fibres inclusion also affected the soil's compression index, Cc and coefficient of volume compressibility, mv. From the conducted experimental investigation, it can be concluded that the soil samples reinforced with 20 mm length of coir fibres give the most significant effect to the soil's consolidation behaviour when it was added at 1.0%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".