Oxidative stress and metabolic parameters are differently affected by fructose when rats were kept sedentary or underwent swimming exercise
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The current study evaluated whether fructose supplementation affects oxidative stress and metabolic parameters in the liver and gastrocnemius muscle of rats subjected to swimming exercise. Male adult Wistar rats received a fructose solution (10%) or water during 1 h before exercise and during the rest interval by the intragastric route. The swimming protocol consisted of 6 days: each day, rats underwent 3 sessions of 17 min each, with a load of 5% of body mass, and rest intervals of 3 min. Fructose supplementation changed metabolic and oxidative parameters in the liver and gastrocnemius muscle of sedentary rats. Swimming exercise counteracted the increase of triglyceride levels in plasma and liver induced by fructose supplementation. It also reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive species levels in the liver, and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the gastrocnemius muscle of supplemented rats. However, fructose supplementation worsened metabolic (hepatic triglyceride levels) and oxidative parameters (thiobarbituric acid reactive species levels) in the liver and gastrocnemius of exercised rats. This study demonstrates that oxidative stress and metabolic parameters were differently affected by fructose supplementation when rats were kept sedentary or underwent swimming exercise. The present results indicate the need of a new insight of the role of fructose supplementation during physical exercise.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".