Athlete journeys in parasport: Identifying factors that influence athletes' participation, maintenance and development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since its inception, the International Paralympic Committee's mission statement has remained relatively consistent: 'to empower and enable opportunities for individuals with impairments, from initiation to elite level' (IPC, 2018). While the barriers to and benefits of sport participation have been well documented, (for a review, see Martin-Ginis, Ma, Latimer-Cheung, & Rimmer, 2016), less is known about athletes' development and experiences throughout their sporting career. The objective of this project was to address this gap by developing a better understanding of athletes' experiences throughout their career, from initiation to current involvement. One hundred seven male and 47 female athletes with the average age of 32.05 (11.49) from Australia and Canada filled out a modified version of the Developmental History of Athletes' Questionnaire. Results revealed the majority of athletes were introduced to Parasport through their social circle (e.g., parents, siblings, teachers) and that the most common challenges during athletes' initial years of involvement were the costs associated with participation and demands of training and competition. These challenges persisted throughout most of their careers. However, athletes started and remained in sport for its competitive setting, opportunities to learn new skills and comradery with other athletes. Athletes' developmental trajectories were highly variable, as data revealed athletes negotiated through milestones at different ages and in various sequences. The key findings will be discussed considering athletes' sport, impairment and nationality as well as its practical implications for participation, engagement, maintenance and development of athletes in Parasport.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".