A Reconfigurable DLL-Based Digital-to-Time Converter Using Charge Pump Current Interpolation and Digital Predistortion Linearization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This brief presents a digital-to-time converter (DTC) based on a reconfigurable delay-locked loop that employs dual feedback taps and interpolation at the output of two charge pumps biased with programmable complementary currents from a current digital-to-analog converter (I-DAC) to achieve fine delay tuning. Through selection of the feedback and output delay line taps, the 65-nm CMOS prototype can be configured to achieve different specs, such as a 24.5 ps delay span with a 0.46 ps maximum delay step and 1.33 ps maximum RMS jitter or a span of 244 ps with a 3.30 ps maximum step and 2.63 ps maximum RMS jitter when a 7-bit I-DAC and a 2 GHz input are used. A simple digital predistortion method to compensate for the inherent nonlinearity of the architecture is presented and experimentally shown to improve the worst-case integral nonlinearity from -14.3 LSB (-27.6 ps) to +1.79 LSB (+3.43 ps) for the 244 ps delay span case, and by 67%-88% at all taps for the same loop configuration. Excluding the I-DAC, which would require an estimated 0.2 mW, the DTC consumes 0.665 mW from a 1.25-V supply at 2 GHz and occupies an area of 46 μm × 28 μm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".