Induction of Labor and Risk for Emergency Cesarean Section in Women at Term Pregnancy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Induction of labor has become one of the most common interventions in obstetrics, and because of this we have the increasing number of Cesarean sections. Identifying these risk factors which increase the risk of Cesarean section has become important so that we can induce patients putting them in lower risk of Cesarean section. Cesarean sections should be audited using the obstetrical concepts and parameters for induction of labor. Methods: A prospective case-control study has been conducted among pregnant women between 37 - 42 weeks of gestation, who were recruited from the labor ward for a period of 1 year. All women enrolled for the study were clinically examined to assess for Bishop’s score, obstetric scan and cardiotocography (CTG). Induction was done using tab misoprostol 50 µg 6th hourly for a maximum of four doses in 24 h and augmented with oxytocin if required. In our tertiary hospital in Kolar district of Karnataka we decided to conduct a study with a sample size of 178 patients. We assessed the risk factors in term pregnancies and their delivery outcome following induction. Baseline demographic details along with pregnancy risk factors were taken into account. Induction agent as well as induction to delivery interval with those that underwent Cesarean section was also taken into account. Pregnancy outcome was determined. Results: This study concluded that significant risk factor for Cesarean was primigravida with fetal distress due to oligohydramnios, compared to other risk factors such as preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, post-dated pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus. Bishops score prior to induction was < 6. Out of these women 43 underwent Cesarean after induction in view of fetal distress for non reassuring nonstress test (NST). Primigravida had a risk of 4.4 times for Cesarean after induction, and absence of oligohydramnios was a protective factor in the study with odds ratio of 0.2. Conclusions: Induction of labor at term has reduced the number of Cesarean sections in our study with a single risk factor. J Clin Gynecol Obstet. 2019;8(1):17-20 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jcgo433w
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".