Dehydroepiandrosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Many theories of Alzheimer’s disease are based on evidence that dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels declines with age. Aims: To summarize research results on the association of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels with Alzheimer’s disease. Method: Systematic searches were performed in March 2018 in the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Psyc-ARTICLES for studies on the association of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels with Alzheimer’s disease. Standardized mean difference was calculated to measure the strength of the association of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels with Alzheimer’s disease, using random-effects model. Results: Thirty-one eligible studies were included in the final analysis. No statistically significant association between dehydroepiandrosterone level and Alzheimer’s disease was found (standardized mean difference: 0.51, 95% confidence interval: -0.44 to 1.45, Z=1.06, p=0.29). On the other hand, lower dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate level was observed in Alzheimer’s patients than in controls (standardized mean difference: -0.69, 95% confidence interval: -1.17 to -0.22, Z=-2.84, p<0.01). Conclusion: Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate level in lower in Alzheimer’s patients than in healthy controls.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".