Claims of positive youth development: a content analysis of mixed martial arts gyms’ websites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a newly established and rapidly growing sport. Given questions surrounding claims of developmental outcomes for youth through MMA broadcasted on gym websites, coupled with parents’ practices to gather and utilize website information, it is important to explore the content of MMA gym websites. This study describes the content of MMA gyms’ youth programs’ websites, examining proposed developmental outcome claims for youth and processes of facilitation. Using a quantitative content analysis of 18 MMA youth gym websites in Toronto, Canada, a 37-item coding manual was developed to categorize content. MMA gyms drew upon popular media, anecdotal evidence and selective academic research findings to promote the benefits of their youth programs to parents. The claims of developmental outcomes and facilitation of positive youth development appear misguided and raise concerns for parents seeking information on child MMA programs. Findings highlight potential implications for parents interested in enrolling their children in MMA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".