Cardiovascular risk-related knowledge, practices, and risk factor control in individuals with stroke : implications for primary and secondary prevention
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Recurrent strokes, which may comprise up to a fifth of all stroke, are more severe than first events. Optimal secondary stroke prevention may require changes to health-related behaviours and improved vascular risk factor control. While patients’ knowledge regarding stroke, health-related behaviours, and cardiovascular risk may improve with secondary prevention strategies, there is little information available to guide programs for patient and family education for stroke prevention. Purpose: First, to assess the knowledge of individuals with a recent stroke about stroke symptoms, risk factors, and prevention. Second, to explore the association between stroke knowledge and health behaviours and cardiovascular risk factor control. Last, to explore perceived barriers and facilitators for participation in secondary prevention programs for stroke survivors and their caregivers, and to examine the effectiveness of nursing interventions on modification of stroke risk factors among stroke survivors. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge of individuals with recent stroke and its relation to health-related behaviours and cardiovascular disease risk. Then, a longitudinal qualitative study was conducted using individual interviews with stroke survivors and their caregivers to understand changes in their perceptions regarding secondary stroke prevention in the stroke recovery period. Lastly, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted investigating the role of nurses in secondary stroke prevention. Results: The cross-sectional study revealed that stroke patients lacked knowledge about stroke, and those who had better stroke knowledge had better health-related behaviours. Those who were physically active prior to their stroke had better cardiovascular risk factor control. In the qualitative study, stroke was perceived as a soul-searching experience by stroke survivors and their caregivers, motivating them to consider its causes. Despite experiencing some barriers, stroke survivors made lifestyle adjustments, transitioning through different stages of change. The meta-analysis found that nursing interventions were associated with improvements in blood pressure control, diet, physical activity, medication adherence, and knowledge of stroke risk factors. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the importance of strengthening current programs for secondary stroke prevention. Further, the findings suggest that developing patient- and family-centered programs may improve the knowledge and health-related behaviours to optimize secondary stroke prevention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.032 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".