Basin‐Scale Estimate of the Sea‐Air CO<sub>2</sub> Flux During the 2010 Warm Event in the Tropical North Atlantic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Following the anomalous warming event occurring in the tropical North Atlantic in 2010, higher than usual surface fugacity of CO 2 (fCO 2 ) was observed. To evaluate the spatial extent of these anomalies and their drivers, and to quantify the sea‐air CO 2 flux at basin scale, the Mercator‐Ocean model is used from 2006 to 2014 within the region 0–30°N, 70–15°W. Model outputs are generally in accordance with underway sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and surface fCO 2 recorded by two merchant ships. The anomalous warming of 2010 is well reproduced by the model and is the main driver of fCO 2 anomalies. The first coupled Empirical Orthogonal Function mode, between sea surface temperature and fCO 2 , captures more than 70% of the total variance and is characterized by a basin‐scale warming associated to positive fCO 2 anomalies. The corresponding principal components are correlated to the Tropical North Atlantic Index and identify 2010 as the year with the highest positive anomaly over 2006–2014. Exceptions to this general pattern are located near the African coast, where the weakening of the coastal upwelling causes negative inorganic carbon anomalies, and close to the Amazon River plume, where fCO 2 anomalies are primarily associated with sea surface salinity anomalies. Although the fCO 2 anomalies of 2010 appear mostly in spring, they affect the annual CO 2 budget and lead to an increased CO 2 outgassing twice as large (46.2 Tg C per year) as the mean annual flux over the 2006–2014 period (23.3 Tg C per year).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".