Basin‐Scale Estimate of the Sea‐Air CO<sub>2</sub> Flux During the 2010 Warm Event in the Tropical North Atlantic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Following the anomalous warming event occurring in the tropical North Atlantic in 2010, higher than usual surface fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) was observed. To evaluate the spatial extent of these anomalies and their drivers, and to quantify the sea‐air CO2 flux at basin scale, the Mercator‐Ocean model is used from 2006 to 2014 within the region 0–30°N, 70–15°W. Model outputs are generally in accordance with underway sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and surface fCO2 recorded by two merchant ships. The anomalous warming of 2010 is well reproduced by the model and is the main driver of fCO2 anomalies. The first coupled Empirical Orthogonal Function mode, between sea surface temperature and fCO2, captures more than 70% of the total variance and is characterized by a basin‐scale warming associated to positive fCO2 anomalies. The corresponding principal components are correlated to the Tropical North Atlantic Index and identify 2010 as the year with the highest positive anomaly over 2006–2014. Exceptions to this general pattern are located near the African coast, where the weakening of the coastal upwelling causes negative inorganic carbon anomalies, and close to the Amazon River plume, where fCO2 anomalies are primarily associated with sea surface salinity anomalies. Although the fCO2 anomalies of 2010 appear mostly in spring, they affect the annual CO2 budget and lead to an increased CO2 outgassing twice as large (46.2 Tg C per year) as the mean annual flux over the 2006–2014 period (23.3 Tg C per year).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".