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Monte Carlo studies for the optimisation of the Cherenkov Telescope Array layout
A. Acharyya, I. Agudo, E. O. Angüner, R. Alfaro, Jorge Alfaro, Cyril Martin Alispach, Roberto Aloisio, Rafael Alves Batista, J.-P. Amans, L. Amati, Elena Amato, G. Ambrosi, L. A. Antonelli, C. Aramo, T. P. Armstrong, F. Arqueros, Luisa Arrabito, Katsuaki Asano, Halim Ashkar, Csaba Balázs, Matteo Balbo, B. Balmaverde, Paramita Barai, Anastasia Maria Barbano, Maxim V. Barkov, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra González, J. Becker Tjus, Lorenzo Bellizzi, W. Benbow, E. Bernardini, M. Bernardos, K. Bernlöhr, A. Berti, M. Berton, B. Bertucci, Vasyl Beshley, B. Biasuzzi, C. Bigongiari, R. Bird, E. Bissaldi, J. Biteau, O. Blanch, Jiří Blažek, C. Boisson, G. Bonanno, A. Bonardi, C. Bonavolontà, G. Bonnoli, P. Bordas, M. Böttcher, J. Bregeon, A. Brill, A. M. Brown, Kai Brügge, P. Brun, P. Bruno, A. Bulgarelli, T. Bulik, Michael Burton, A. Burtovoi, G. Busetto, R. A. Cameron, R. Canestrari, M. Capalbi, Anderson Caproni, R. Capuzzo‐Dolcetta, P. A. Caraveo, Sami Caroff, R. Carosi, S. Casanova, E. Cascone, Fernando Catalani, O. Catalano, D. Cauz, M. Cerruti, S. Chaty, A. Chen, M. Chernyakova, G. Chiaro, M. Cieślar, S. M. Colak, Vito Conforti, Enrico Congiu, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, Alessandro Costa, H. Costantini, Garret Cotter, Pierre Cristofari, P. Cumani, G. Cusumano, A. D’Aì, F. D’Ammando, L. Dangeon, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, Vincenzo De Caprio, R. C. dos Anjos, F. De Frondat, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, B. De Lotto, D. de Martino, M. de Naurois, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, M. Del Santo, D. della Volpe, Tristano Di Girolamo, F. Di Pierro, L. Di Venere, C. Díaz, Sebastian Diebold, A. Djannati-Ataı̈, A. Dmytriiev, D. Dominis Prester, Alice Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, J.-L. Dournaux, Jan Ebr, Theodore Rodrigue Njoh Ekoume, Dominik Elsässer, Gabriel Emery, D. Falceta-Gonçalves, E. Fedorova, S. Fegan, Q. Feng, Gilles Ferrand, E. Fiandrini, A. Fiaßon, M. D. Filipović, V. Fioretti, Michele Fiori, S. Flis, M. V. Fonseca, G. Fontaine, Lluís Freixas Coromina, Satoshi Fukami, Y. Fukui, S. Funk, M. Füßling, Daniele Gaggero, Giorgio Galanti, R. J. Garcı́a López, M. Garczarczyk, D. Gascón, M. Gaug, A. Ghalumyan, F. Gianotti, G. Giavitto, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, J. Gironnet, J. F. Glicenstein, R. Gnatyk, P. Goldoni, Javier González, Maria Magdalena González, Konstantinos N. Gourgouliatos, T. Grabarczyk, Jonathan Granot, D. Green, T. Greenshaw, M.-H. Grondin, O. Gueta, D. Hadasch, T. Hassan, M. Hayashida, M. Heller, O. Hervet, J. A. Hinton, Nagisa Hiroshima, B. Hnatyk, W. Hofmann, Pavel Horváth, M. Hrabovský, Dario Hrupec, T. B. Humensky, Moritz Hütten, Tomohiro Inada, Fabio Iocco, M. Ionica, M. Iori, Y. Iwamura, M. Jamrozy, Petr Janeček, D. Jankowsky, P. Jean, L. Jouvin, Jakub Jurýšek, P. Kaaret, L. H. S. Kadowaki, S. Karkar, D. Kerszberg, B. Khélifi, D. Kieda, S. Kimeswenger, W. Kluźniak, J. Knapp, J. Knödlseder, Yukiho Kobayashi, Benjamin Koch, Joanna Kocot, Nu. Komin, A. K. H. Kong, G. Kowal, M. Krause, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, Pankaj Kushwaha, V. La Parola, G. La Rosa, M. Lallena Arquillo, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, J. Lapington, O. Le Blanc, J. Lefaucheur, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, M. Lemoine‐Goumard, J.-P. Lenain, G. Leto, Rocco Lico, E. Lindfors, T. Lohse, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, Alicia López, Marcos López, A. López-Oramas, R. López-Coto, S. Loporchio, Pedro L. Luque‐Escamilla, E. Lyard, M. C. Maccarone, E. Mach, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, G. Malaguti, M. Mallamaci, Dušan Mandát, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, S. Mangano, Marcin Marculewicz, M. Mariotti, J. Martı́, M. Martı́nez, G. Martı́nez, H. Martínez-Huerta, S. Masuda, Nigel Maxted, D. Mazin, Jean‐Luc Meunier, M. Meyer, S. Mičanović, Rachele Millul, I. A. Minaya, Alison Mitchell, Tsunefumi Mizuno, R. Moderski, L. Mohrmann, T. Montaruli, A. Moralejo, Daniel Morcuende, Giovanni Morlino, A. Morselli, E. Moulin, R. Mukherjee, P. Munar, C. G. Mundell, T. Murach, A. Nagai, T. Nagayoshi, T. Naito, Takeshi Nakamori, Rodrigo Nemmen, J. Niemiec, D. Nieto, M. Nievas Rosillo, M. Nikołajuk, D. Ninci, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, Dalibor Nosek, Maximilian Nöthe, S. Nozaki, M. Ohishi, Yoshiki Ohtani, A. Okumura, R. A. Ong, M. Orienti, R. Orito, M. Ostrowski, A. N. Otte, Z. W. Ou, R. Mirzoyan, A. Pagliaro, M. Palatiello, M. Palatka, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, Giovanni Pareschi, N. Parmiggiani, R. D. Parsons, B. Patricelli, Asaf Pe’er, M. Pech, Judit Pérez-Romero, M. Perri, M. Persic, Pierre-Olivier Petrucci, O. Petruk, K. Pfrang, Q. Piel, E. Pietropaolo, M. Pohl, C. Plard, Juri Poutanen, E. Prandini, N. Produit, H. Prokoph, M. Prouza, Henry Przybilski, G. Pühlhofer, M. Punch, F. Queiroz, A. Quirrenbach, S. Rainò, R. Rando, S. Razzaque, O. Reimer, Nicolas Renault-Tinacci, Yves Rénier, D. Ribeiro, M. Ribó, J. Rico, Frank Rieger, V. Rizi, Gonzalo Rodriguez Fernandez, J. C. Rodrı́guez-Ramı́rez, J. J. Rodríguez Vázquez, P. Romano, G. Romeo, Marco Roncadelli, J. Rosado, Gavin Rowell, B. Rudak, A. Rugliancich, C. B. Rulten, I. Sadeh, L. Saha, T. Saito, S. Sakurai, F. Salesa Greus, Pierluca Sangiorgi, Hidetoshi Sano, M. Santander, A. Santangelo, R. Santos-Lima, A. Sanuy, K. Satalecka, Francesco Gabriele Saturni, Utane Sawangwit, S. Schlenstedt, Petr Schovánek, F. Schüßler, U. Schwanke, Eva Sciacca, Salvatore Scuderi, M. Seglar-Arroyo, O. Sergijenko, Karol Seweryn, A. Shalchi, R.C. Shellard, H. Siejkowski, A. Sillanpää, A. Sinha, G. Sironi, Vitalii Sliusar, A. Słowikowska, H. Sol, Andreas Specovius, S. Spencer, G. Spengler, A. Stamerra, S. Stanič, Ł. Stawarz, Stanislav Štefánik, Th. Stolarczyk, U. Straumann, T. Suomijärvi, Paweł Świerk, Tomasz Szepieniec, G. Tagliaferri, H. Tajima, Thomas Tam, F. Tavecchio, L. Taylor, Luis Tejedor, P. Temnikov, T. Terzić, V. Testa, L. Tibaldo, Carlos J. Todero Peixoto, F. Tokanai, Lenka Tománková, D. Tonev, D. F. Torres, G. Tosti, Luca Tosti, N. F. H. Tothill, F. Toussenel, G. Tovmassian, P. Trávnı́ček, C. Trichard, G. Umana, V. Vagelli, M. Valentino, B. Vallage, P. Vallania, Laura Valore, J. Vandenbroucke, G.S. Varner, G. Vasileiadis, V. V. Vassiliev, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, S. Vercellone, S. Vergani, G. Vettolani, A. Viana, C. Vigorito, Jacco Vink, V. Vitale, H. J. Voêlk, A. Vollhardt, S. Vorobiov, S. J. Wagner, R. Walter, F. Werner, R. White, A. Wierzcholska, Martin Will, D. A. Williams, R. Wischnewski, Lili Yang, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi, M. Zacharias, L. Zampieri, M. Zavrtanik, D. Zavrtanik, A. A. Zdziarski, A. Zech, H.-S. Zechlin, A. Zenin, В. И. Жданов, S. Zimmer, J. Zorn
Bibliographic record
VenueAstroparticle Physics · 2019
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicAstrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersFondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y TecnológicoInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesHorizon 2020Argonne National LaboratoryComisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y TecnológicaJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronCanadian Space AgencyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareMinistério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e ComunicaçõesState Committee of ScienceUniversitetet i OsloMax-Planck-GesellschaftCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueU.S. Department of EnergyFundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroMinistero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della RicercaMinistère de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la RechercheMinisterstvo Školství, Mládeže a TělovýchovyRegione LombardiaNarodowe Centrum NaukiConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoFondazione CariploBundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und WirtschaftLeverhulme TrustEuropean CommissionFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloNational Research FoundationJavna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RSScience and Technology Facilities CouncilSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungUniversity of New South WalesNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaWestern Sydney UniversityMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyRoyal Swedish Academy of SciencesPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSeventh Framework ProgrammeMinisterio de Educación, Gobierno de ChileSveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u OsijekuIowa State UniversityUniversity of OxfordInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of TokyoUniversity of LeicesterMonash UniversityIstituto Nazionale di AstrofisicaDurham UniversityVetenskapsrådetSmithsonian InstitutionBarnard CollegeHrvatska Zaklada za ZnanostUddannelses- og ForskningsministerietGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAgence Nationale de la RechercheSveučilište u ZagrebuCentro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico IndustrialNational Science Foundation
KeywordsCherenkov Telescope ArrayPhysicsCherenkov radiationObservatoryMonte Carlo methodTelescopeAngular resolution (graph drawing)Gamma-ray astronomyEnergy (signal processing)AstronomyGamma rayAstrophysicsOpticsDetector
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.021
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: Simulation or modeling
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.020
Threshold uncertainty score0.039
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.021 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.023
GPT teacher head0.257
Teacher spread0.234 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designSimulation or modeling
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations69
Published2019
Admission routes1
Has abstractno