Evaluation of Pochonia chlamydosporia (Goddard) Isolates for Suppression of Meloidogyne incognita, Root-Knot Nematode of Tomato
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Restricted applications of chemical nematicides has directed to the development of ecofriendly alternatives. Culture filtrates in different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) of the six isolates of Pochonia chlamydosporia were evaluated for their nematicidal activity. Significant variations were observed in the inhibitory activity of culture filtrates against egg hatching and second stage juveniles of M. incognita at different concentrations. The culture extract of PC-6 showed maximum inhibition of egg hatching followed by PC-1. On the other hand PC1 isolate caused high mortality of second stage juveniles followed by PC-6. Significant variation among the isolates was observed for parasitism of M. incognita juveniles and eggs. Among the tested isolates, PC-1 and PC-6 were selected for the further studies based on in vitro egg inhibition and larval mortality. Both PC1 and PC6 applied at the rate of 6 × 103 chlamydospores per gram of soil per plant reduced the population of nematode and improved the growth and productivity of plant under screen house and field conditions. Different growth parameters like plant height, fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight, fresh root weight and dry root weight were measured. Efficacy of isolates was different in winter and summer crop. No significant difference among the treatments was observed in summer crop. However in winter crop, considerable effect of both isolates was observed. Fungal application was effective at the rate of 6 × 103 chlamydospores per gram of soil per plant in both winter and summer crops. Root coating with chlamydospores suspension significantly reduced number of galls on roots. Little effect of both isolates was observed with mycelial root coating. No lesions were seen on P. chlamydosporia inoculated roots of tomato plants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".