Experimental Studies of High-Energy Quasi-Steady Plasma Streams Generated by a Magnetoplasma Analogue of the Laval Nozzle in the Compression and Acceleration Regimes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Results of many-year-long studies of high-power quasi-stationary acceleration and compression systems whose channel is a magnetoplasma analogue of the Laval nozzle are summarized. Double-stage quasi-stationary plasma accelerators with channels made of rod electrodes or complicated magnetoplasma transformers are described. Results are presented from experimental studies of acceleration and compression systems. It is shown that, in the optimal operating regime corresponding to the proper choice of the initial and boundary conditions, plasmadynamic devices are able to generate plasma streams with parameters close to the theoretical limit for given experimental conditions. A unique set of parameters of the generated streams were achieved: the density of the accelerated stream of up to 1016 cm–3 at a maximum velocity of (4–4.2) × 107 cm/s and the density of the compressed stream of up to 1019 cm–3 at a plasma temperature of 60–100 eV. The total energy content in the accelerated plasma streams reaches 0.9–0.95 MJ at an accelerating channel efficiency of 0.8–0.9. The generation time of accelerated stream amounts to 150–200 particle flight times along the channel of the plasmadynamic device, while the lifetime of the compression region reaches 20–30 particle flight times.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".