0327 Relation between Speed of Wake-Sleep Transitions and Wake Time in Polysomnograms.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The immediate neurophysiological mechanism for excessive wake time (W) during polysomnography is unknown. Switching from wakefulness to stable sleep involves progression from full wakefulness to dozing, to light sleep to progressively deeper sleep. We hypothesized that the rate at which sleep depth increases may be an important determinant of W since the slower the rate, the longer the brain lingers in a highly arousable state, increasing the probability that the process is reversed soon after it starts. We determined rate of progression of sleep depth at wake-sleep transitions using the Odds-Ratio-Product (ORP), a validated continuous index of sleep depth ranging from 0 (deep sleep) to 2.5 (full wakefulness). Probability of spontaneous arousal occurring within 30 seconds increases directly with current ORP (r2=0.98). We analyzed 145 PSGs of patients referred for investigation of a sleep disorder, mostly sleep apnea. As controls, we analyzed PSGs of all Sleep-Heart-Health-Study (visit-2) subjects who had no sleep apnea (AHI<5 hr-1) or complaints of insomnia or restless legs (RLS), (n=46). Time course of ORP from onset of wake-sleep transition was determined for all transitions in each PSG and average time course was calculated. Speed of transitions was expressed by average ORP 2-minutes after onset of transitions (ORP2.0). Wake time was 116±80 and 56±44 minutes in patients and controls, respectively. ORP2.0 was 1.54±0.28 and 1.05±0.26, respectively, indicating slower wake-sleep transition in patients (p=E-20). There was a significant correlation in patients (n=145) between ORP2.0 and natural logarithm of wake time in minutes (ln(W) = 1.15*ORP2.0 + 2.74; r2=0.19, p=E-07) and this improved further, with little change in slope and intercept, when control subjects were added (n=191): (ln(W) = 1.32*ORP2.0 + 2.44; r2=0.29, p=E-15). Using multiple regression with ln(W) as the dependent variable and age, gender, BMI, AHI, RLS, and ORP2.0 as independent variables, the most significant variable was ORP2.0 (p=E-12) with age (p<0.01) and RLS (p<0.05) as distant second and third. Slow rate of sleep depth progression at wake-sleep transitions is an important risk factor for excessive wake time. None
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".