Twelve-Year Temporal Trends in Ambulance Use for Patients Hospitalized With a Primary Diagnosis of Syncope in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ambulance use is a costly mode of transportation to the emergency department (ED). Syncope is a frequent presentation to the ED; however, no data exist regarding the proportion of hospitalized patients with syncope arriving by ambulance and their outcomes compared with self-presenters. METHODS: The Canadian Institute for Health Information database was used to identify patients aged > 20 years hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of syncope (International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision code R55) in Canada, except Quebec, between April 2004 and March 2016. Logistic regression models (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval) were used to identify demographics, clinical factors, and province associated with ambulance use and whether ambulance use was associated with in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: < 0.01). Predictors associated with higher odds of ambulance use were increasing age, male sex, urban residence, residing in areas with lower annual household income, and higher comorbidity burden. In multivariable-adjusted analysis, ambulance use was associated with a 1.7-fold higher odds of in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately two-thirds of patients hospitalized for syncope presented by ambulance, and use has increased over time. Hospitalized patients in syncope who are transported by ambulance have a worse prognosis. Further research on emergency medical services' risk stratification of patients who are transported by ambulance may help to identify a low-risk population who may obviate the need for transport.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".