0880 Tinnitus Severity in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is Inversely Correlated with Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Percentage and Duration and Directly Correlated with Indices of Hyperarousal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tinnitus has been studied primarily in war veterans and refugees with PTSD, often exposed to head injury. A 50% tinnitus prevalence is reported in PTSD (versus a 10%-15% general population prevalence). Tinnitus in PTSD patients has been attributed to various factors including increased arousal, mild traumatic head injury including blast exposure, and a conditioned response to memories of being struck in the head. Tinnitus is associated with both cochlear and central nervous pathologies including limbic activation. Overnight polysomnography of non-psychiatric tinnitus patients has revealed lower %REM (6.4%+/-4.9%) in tinnitus patients versus controls (21.5%+/-3.6%)(Attanasio G, 2013). To my knowledge, there are no polysomnographic studies of PTSD patients with tinnitus. 57 consenting civilian PTSD patients (52 female; mean+/-SD age: 46.91+/-13.09 years), with no head trauma history, underwent ≥1 nights of Level 3 polysomnography (WatchPAT200; Itamar Medical, Israel) and completed a battery of instruments including the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), a 25-item instrument that measures both severity and negative impact of tinnitus, the Pennebaker Inventory of Limbic Languidness (PILL), and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5(PCL-5). 33/57(57.9%) endorsed experiencing tinnitus. TFI scores correlated directly (Pearson r=0.520, p=0.002) with PCL-5 scores (mean+/-SD PCL-5 score: 37.82+/-19.02). Multiple regression analysis using TFI score as dependent variable and PCL-5 clusters, PILL scores and age as independent variables revealed that only PCL-5 Cluster E(hyperarousal)(β=0.524,t=3.372,p=0.002) remained a significant predictor of TFI. Both %REM (r= -0.390, p=0.025) and REM duration ( r=-0.430, p=0.012) were significantly inversely correlated with TFI. Tinnitus was associated with PTSD severity, especially the hyperarousal cluster, in civilian PTSD patients with no head trauma histories. Higher baseline REM sleep has been associated with reduced fear conditioning in humans, therefore an inverse relation of tinnitus with REM sleep percentage and duration may be indicative of a greater propensity for fear conditioning in PTSD patients with higher tinnitus levels. Tinnitus may be a core symptom of activation and limbic dysregulation in PTSD, independent of traumatic brain injury. None
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".