Retention in care and mortality trends among patients receiving comprehensive care for HIV infection: a retrospective cohort study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies examining the relation between comprehensive care and health outcomes associated with comorbidities unrelated to HIV infection have focused mainly on the health outcomes of HIV-infected people and comorbid substance use disorders. We aimed to assess the impact of retention in comprehensive HIV infection care on overall, AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related mortality. METHODS: Using a retrospective cohort design, we collected data for HIV-infected patients aged 19 years or more who first visited a comprehensive HIV infection clinic in Vancouver between Jan. 1, 2004, and Dec. 31, 2014. We defined retention in care as visit constancy (whether the patient attended the clinic at least once per given period) of 75% or greater. We used Poisson regression modelling to examine mortality trends. We performed Cox proportional hazards modelling to assess survival by retention during the first year of follow-up and identify factors associated with death. RESULTS: A total of 2101 patients were included in the study. Of the 2101, 1340 (63.8%) were retained in the first year of care, and 271 (12.9%) died during the study period. Among the 264 cases in which the cause of death was known, although the primary underlying cause of death (74 [28.0%]) was AIDS-related, half of all AIDS-related deaths (37/74 [50%]) occurred early in the study (2004-2007). In later years, most deaths (147/184 [79.9%]) were non-AIDS-related. Overall mortality was significantly reduced among patients with higher retention in care during the first year of follow-up (per 20% increase in visit constancy; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79-0.96). Higher retention was also associated with reduced risk of AIDS-related death (adjusted HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.64-0.97). INTERPRETATION: Although there was an overall trend toward decreased AIDS-related mortality over time, retention in care markedly decreased the likelihood of death. Maintaining patient engagement in comprehensive ancillary care is a patient-centred way of decreasing mortality rates among HIV-infected people.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".