EFFECTS OF POTASSIUM PHOSPHITE ON BIOCHEMICAL CONTENTS AND ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES OF CHINESE POTATOES INOCULATED BY PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans dominates the entire world where potatoes and other Solanaceae crops are grown. In this study, the effects of potassium phosphite (KPhi) based fungicide on two potato varieties infected by two strains of the pathogen were studied. Tubers coming from foliar spray of potassium phosphite wounded and/or inoculated with pathogens were sampled at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours. Phytoalexins, phenols, -1, 3-glucanase (PR-2), chitinase (PR-3), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were analyzed. Results demonstrated that plants applied with KPhi produced tubers with enhanced resistance to the pathogen than their untreated plants. Moreover, tuber slices from KPhi applied plants following infection showed a significant increase in the contents of phytoalexins and phenols. PR-3 activities were induced by KPhi and wounding with the highest level at 48 hours. The activities of PR-2 were not significantly induced by KPhi or wounding, but its content was significantly increased by pathogen infection with the highest in untreated tubers after 48 hours. The KPhi treated tubers produced more enzymatic activities significantly after wounding and pathogen infection than those that were not treated. Our findings suggested that KPhi stimulates a quick and vigorous response in tubers against the pathogen infection via activation of defense responses, such as defense biochemical compounds, pathogenesis-related enzymes and antioxidant enzyme activities.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it