Second ISSMGE R. Kerry Rowe Lecture: On the intrinsic, state, and fabric parameters of active clays for contaminant control
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The osmotic, hydraulic and self-healing efficiency of bentonite-based barriers for the containment of subsoil pollutants is governed not only by the intrinsic chemicophysical parameters of the bentonite, i.e., the solid phase density, ρ sk ; the total specific surface, S; the surface density of the electric charge, σ; and the Stern layer thickness, d Stern , and fraction, f Stern , but also by the chemicomechanical fabric parameters that quantify the structure or texture of the solid skeleton, such as the micro, e m , and nano, e n , void ratios; the average number of platelets or lamellae per tactoid, N l,AV ; and the solid skeleton effective electric charge concentration, [Formula: see text]. In turn, the fabric parameters are controlled by state parameters, such as the total void ratio, e; and the salt concentration of the equilibrium solution, c s . A theoretical framework has been developed to describe the relationships between the aforementioned intrinsic, state, and fabric parameters for a bentonite barrier and its performance parameters: the hydraulic conductivity, k; the effective diffusion coefficient, [Formula: see text]; the chemico-osmotic efficiency coefficient, ω; and the osmotic swelling pressure, u sw . The proposed theoretical hydrochemicomechanical model has been validated through comparison with a large amount of experimental results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".