0314 Changes in Sleep Depth following Sleep Deprivation Assessed by Three Methods
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Following sleep deprivation, sleep is presumed to be deeper than during baseline sleep due to greater sleep pressure. EEG delta power, a marker of sleep pressure is higher during sleep following sleep deprivation. Delta power also returns to baseline levels at the end of the recovery night, suggesting that full recovery occurs in one night. The present study compared Initial and Terminal values of three sleep depth metrics: a) delta power, b) odds-ratio-product (ORP; 0=deep sleep, 2.5=full wakefulness), and c) arousal/awakening index (AWI), in order to better characterize recovery from sleep deprivation. 40 healthy subjects (35.3±5.3 years, 25 females) underwent two polysomnograms separated by 36 hours of sleep deprivation. Delta power, ORP, and AWI were measured in the first (Initial) and last (Terminal) 1.5 hours of NREM sleep in each study. Average values of the three metrics were also calculated for stages N1, N2 and N3. Initial delta power was higher during recovery than during baseline sleep (284±157 vs. 181±89 μV2; p<0.00001). The difference in Terminal delta power (77±34 vs. 62±35 μV2; p<0.02) was a small fraction (≈15%) of the initial difference, suggesting nearly complete recovery. Initial ORP was lower during recovery than during baseline (0.26±0.11 vs. 0.35±0.11; p< p<0.00001) but the difference in Terminal ORP (0.39±0.19 vs. 0.45±0.10; p<0.00002), was ≈67% of the initial difference indicating only modest recovery. Initial AWI was lower in recovery (13.8±7.1 vs. 20.2±10.3 hr-1; p<0.00005), and, like ORP, the difference in Terminal AWI (24.1±10.7 vs. 27.5±9.2 hr-1; p<0.03) indicated modest recovery (≈50% of initial difference) Terminal delta values (77±34) were lower than in stage N1 (124±89μV2) suggesting light terminal sleep, whereas Terminal ORP and Terminal AWI were both intermediate between levels found in stages N2 and N3, suggesting deeper terminal sleep than inferred by delta power. ORP and AWI results indicate that sleep loss accrued during deprivation is only partially recovered during one recovery night. Delta power showed a different pattern, suggesting that delta may not be an adequate measure of sleep depth. NIH1P01-1HL094307, NIHP50HL060287, NIHT32HL00771324
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".