Techno‐economic feasibility of building attached photovoltaic systems for the various climatic conditions of Iran
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The integration of solar energy systems into buildings via photovoltaic (PV) and other technologies can curb the amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced by buildings. However, the performance of solar energy systems is highly dependent on climatic and economic conditions. In this regard, the techno‐economic feasibility of building attached PV systems are studied for three scenarios considering three cities of Iran namely Tehran, Tabriz, and Kish Island, which have different climatic conditions. The result shows that the PV systems can annually meet 4.5–20% of the electricity needs for Tehran, 3.0–13% for Tabriz and 2.0–11.5% for Kish Island. Moreover, roof mounted PV systems were found to be a better alternative to envelope attached systems in technical and economic terms. The payback period for the solar energy systems was found to be between 8.7 and 14.3 years for Tehran, 14.2 and 22.6 years for Tabriz, and 11.6 and 21.1 for Kish Island.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".