African fossil fish
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter illustrates how palaeontology helps to retrace the evolution of African fish, and what can be learned about their palaeobiogeography, adaptation and ancient environment. The first part (1. Africa and fish through geological time) is a presentation of the fish fossil record within the environmental contexts that prevailed in continental Africa through geological time, followed by a focus on the fossils themselves. Using the case study of African characiform fossils, the second part (2. Which fossils? Case study of the African characiforms) illustrates the various kinds of fossils and fossil remains that can be recovered and explains what information fossils can give us. The third section (3. Old groups, old cradles!) focuses on biogeographical information, using the example of one emblematic archaic fish: the lungfish. The fourth part (4. When a marine fish adapts to freshwater) tracks the invasion and extinction of stingrays in the Turkana basin and discusses the still-debated origin of the Nile perch in Africa, to demonstrate the links between fossil fish and their environment, thus giving us information on long-term environmental change. The last section (5. Neogene changes in the African ichthyofauna) is a conclusion concerning the impact of the most recent long-term environmental changes which deeply modified Africa fish faunas, notably the uplift in Eastern Africa and the Saharan aridification.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".