Biomechanical Outcomes Related with Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy Using Ankle-Foot Orthotic - A Systematic Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gait in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is often affected by motor impairments which limit the patient's ability to walk. To improve gait and reduce walking limitations, children with CP need to use ankle foot orthoses. An orthosis is an externally applied device that is designed and fitted to the body to achieve one or more of the following goals: a) Control biomechanical alignment. b) Correct or accommodate deformity, and 3) Protect and support an injury. This systematic review aims to describe research evidence supporting the use of ankle-foot orthoses to improve gait biomechanical outcomes among individuals with CP. Literature search was pursued from PubMed database. Studies were included if (1) they evaluated an outcome measure related with gait using ankle-foot orthotic (AFO) in children (2) considered children with a diagnosis of CP and have a (3) GMFCS classification of I, II or III. Papers were excluded if they evaluated (1) other population besides CP, (2) the use of orthoses other than AFOs and (3) gait analysis procedure was not presented. All the included studies have analyzed spatiotemporal parameters, the step length (m), stride length (m) and cadence (steps/minute) were the most frequently reported. Our findings showed that several studies have investigated the effects of AFOs, all of which have reported positive influences on at least one gait parameter, as well as positive changes in joint kinematics and kinetic in children with CP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".