Professional integration of international engineering graduates in Canada: exploring the role of a co-operativeeducation program
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents findings from an exploratory study designed to examine the role of a cooperative education term in theintegration of international engineering graduates (immigrant engineers) into the Canadian engineering profession. Theparticipantsin this studywere allenrolled in a university-based qualificationsrecognition program, ofwhich a co-operativeeducation term is one critical component. Data were gathered through focus group interviews, which were designed toobtain their perceptions of the cooperative education experience and its relationship to their career development. Datawere interpreted through a theoretical framework of cultural categories and social and cultural capital, with the aim ofdiscerning enabling and disabling aspects of a cooperative education experience to immigrant professionals’ careerdevelopment. Data reveal that the most profound obstacles concerned participants’ expectations and competencies in thecultural norms and interactional styles that are unique to the North American professional workplace. The implementa-tion of a professional practice component in the academic portion of the university-based program (prior to cooperativeeducation placement) helped students to develop a heightened awareness of cultural differences in the workplace. The co-op term built on this preparation and equipped them with opportunities to recognize and develop social and culturalcapital in the Canadian context, relative to the cultivation of professional skills (soft skills) and exposure to mentoring andnetworking opportunities. Implications are drawn regarding the integration of immigrant professionals and the relation-ship of findings to other under-represented groups.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.021 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".