The Geo-Politics of the Anthropocene: Using Stratigraphy to Naturalize the Anthropocene as a Formal Geological Unit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
negative effects; embrace and expand the human potential to better manage and control the planet).3 A common thread running through the many disparate Anthropocene stories is the very general point that at least some human activities have effects on the planet that are both large-scale and deleterious.The list of offending human activities is probably familiar: greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel burning, altering of land-cover, fertilizer runoff, overfishing, garbage production, natural resource extraction, to name just a few.The undesirable effects include climate change, ocean acidification, sea level rise, lack of potable water, eutrophication, acid rain, ozone depletion, biodiversity loss, the Great Pacific garbage patch, and rivers that catch on fire.But the Anthropocene concept is not limited to the humanities.Its reach crosses the boundary of the so-called two cultures.Many in the sciences have also adopted the concept even if only tentatively.And its modern origins 4 are typically traced to an article published in 2000 in the International Geosphere Biosphere Program Newsletter by Paul Crutzen and Eugene Stoermer, an atmospheric chemist and biologist respectively.Crutzen and Stoermer argued that, due to the many effects of human activity observable around the planet, we have entered a new "geological epoch" dominated by humans.5 Sometimes the beginnings of the Anthropocene are traced to Crutzen's 2002 concepts piece in Nature titled "Geology of Mankind," where Crutzen again argued that the Holocene (the current geological epoch) had ended and we were now living in the Anthropocene, the "human-dominated" geological epoch.6 Though not geologists themselves, Crutzen and Stoermer used geological nomenclature to propose a new span of geological time.But for geologists, as we shall see, a new span of geological time corresponds 3 Bonneuil and Fressoz, 65-96.4 There have been some precursors to the term "Anthropocene."It should be distinguished from the term "Anthropogene," which was another, informal, name for the Quaternary Period (the current geological period), but has fallen out of use.See, Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy, International Commission on Stratigraphy, "Anthropocene," accessed 18 April 2017, https://quaternary.stratigraphy.org/
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.029 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".