FR01-15 UROLOGICAL DISEASE AS A BASIS FOR MIRACLES IN THE CANONIZATION PROCESS OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
Bibliographic record
Abstract
You have accessJournal of UrologyHistory of Urology Forum I (FR01)1 Apr 2019FR01-15 UROLOGICAL DISEASE AS A BASIS FOR MIRACLES IN THE CANONIZATION PROCESS OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH Naji Touma* and Jacalyn Duffin Naji Touma*Naji Touma* More articles by this author and Jacalyn DuffinJacalyn Duffin More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/01.JU.0000555406.32493.82AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Health and healing have been part of all the major religious and spiritual traditions in the world. In the Roman Catholic tradition, miracles, especially healing miracles, have formed the basis of recognition of a venerable person’s relation to God. Since the counter-reformation, the Catholic Church has relied on a process that scrutinizes the medical aspect of a healing miracle. It is a process that relies on medical testimony to demonstrate the supernatural nature of a healing miracle. Miracles involving urological disease have constituted the basis for canonization of several saints over the last four centuries. In this work, we seek to determine the nature of urological conditions that have served this process unique to the Catholic Church. METHODS: Between 2001 and 2007, the medical historian and physician, Jacalyn Duffin, conducted several long research trips to the Vatican where these records were examined. At least one miracle, preferably the final one, was examined for every cause since 1588. A total of 1409 miracles pertaining to 229 different canonizations and 145 beatifications from 1588 to 1999 were collated. A conservative estimate suggests that this collection represents a third to half of all the miracles. The saints whose causes were examined spanned the course of one millennium, from 928 to 1922. In this work, we examine the miracles related to urological conditions. RESULTS: Urological conditions played a role in 34 miracles examined representing 2.6% of all healing miracles for this post congregation canonization process spanning from the late sixteenth century onwards. Prior to the seventeenth century, most urological miracles involved either a cure for renal colic or retention. As technology improved, new diagnoses started appearing in the records of the twentieth century. Male miraculés were the majority of benefactors of urological miracles but were as likely to appeal to male or female saints. CONCLUSIONS: Healing miracles have formed the basis for the canonization process in the Roman Catholic tradition. Urological miracles have played a role in this process with old diseases such as renal colic and retention figuring prominently in the seventeenth century and newer conditions playing a role more recently. Source of Funding: None Kingston, Canada© 2019 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 201Issue Supplement 4April 2019Page: e248-e249 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2019 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Naji Touma* More articles by this author Jacalyn Duffin More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".