Field and theoretical analysis of response of axially loaded grouted drilled shafts in extra-thick fine sand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research on post-grouted drilled shafts has focused primarily on post-grouted tips. Here, four full-scale shaft load tests were conducted to investigate the behaviors and performance of combined tip-and-side grouted superlong and large-diameter drilled shafts in extra-thick fine sand layers. The enhanced mechanism of the combined grouted drilled shafts is analyzed, and a rational approach for analyzing their load–displacement response is presented. The side and base resistance of the combined grouted drilled shafts exhibited significant strengthening, substantially increasing the bearing capacity and effectively controlling settlement. Under the ultimate load, >60% of the shaft head displacement was caused by shaft compression; a relatively small load proportion was carried by the shaft base. The superlong and large-diameter drilled shaft can be treated as a friction shaft, and the combined tip-and-side grouting cannot change the bearing characteristics. The hyperbolic model describes the relationship between the side resistance and relative shaft–soil displacement and captures the base resistance–displacement response. The proposed approach is verified with a case history, and the bearing behaviors of a large-diameter drilled shaft under an extra-thick fine sand layer are analyzed. These results clarify the bearing characteristics of combined grouted shafts and can help guide the design of post-grouted shafts.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".