An exploration of sport concussion recovery experience in university students
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: A concussion is a serious brain injury that can result in debilitating psychological sequelae. Although most of the current literature focuses on elite athletes, it is important to explore the recovery experience of students who participate in recreational activities as they are also at risk of sustaining concussions. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore depression, anxiety, social support, and sleep in university students recovering from sport concussion, at the start and end of an exercise-based management program. Design: Quasi-experimental, prospective study using questionnaire batteries at two timepoints. Participants completed a multi-modal exercise protocol for concussion management at the University of Toronto, which was delivered in a supervised group setting. Participants: Nine university students (seven females, two males) who sustained a concussion from recreational sport or physical activity. Results: Reliable change indices demonstrate participation in the management protocol was associated with a change in the dependent variables for some participants. Selected cases and the role of potential factors in recovery are presented. Preliminary results on a sex and gender difference in recovery experience are discussed, as well. Conclusions: This research helps inform our understanding of the experiences of university students who sustain concussions in recreational sport. Such an understanding facilitates improvements to care and quality of recovery.Acknowledgments: We would like to thank the participants of this study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".