Left ventricle blood flow patterns in a mouse model of temperature sensitive sodium channelopathy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sophisticated methods of visualizing and analyzing the complex blood flow patterns in humans have been available for a number of years on ultrasound machines. To date, these methods have not been applied to healthy mouse models or mice with cardiac defects. Here, a high-speed plane-wave imaging approach was used to study left ventricle blood flow patterns in a model of sodium channelopathy using mice lacking fibroblast growth factor homologous factor 2 (Fhf2KO) and littermate wild-type (WT) controls. FHF2 binds to the cytoplasmic tails of voltage-gated sodium channels in mouse cardiomyocytes and modulates channel inactivation and cellular excitability. Fhf2KO mice have impaired cardiac sodium channel function that when body temperature rises causes a severe reduction in cardiac sodium currents, cardiomyocyte excitation, and conduction failure. The effect is reversible as body temperature returns to normothermia. Fhf2WT and Fhf2KO mice were imaged with a Verasonics Vantage 128 using an 18-MHz linear array with a 30 kHz absolute plane-wave transmission rate. The mice were supine on an imaging platform and a warm-air source was used to raise the body temperature. Surface ECGs were continuously recorded throughout the duration of the experiment. Data were post-processed using a least-squares, multi-angle Doppler analysis approach to obtain vector-flow estimates at all pixel locations. Vortex patterns, flow rates and ECG signals were compared between the Fhf2WT and Fhf2KO mice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".