Novel insights into the genetic diversity and clonal structure of natural trembling aspen (<i>Populus tremuloides</i>Michx.) populations: A transcontinental study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Aim Distribution‐wide trends in climate variability significantly influence the genetic diversity, differentiation and population structure of tree species. This study investigates the effects of disturbances such as fire, fragmentation and climate on modern‐day genetic patterns and clonal structures of trembling aspen at the transcontinental scale. Location North American boreal zone. Taxon Trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.). Methods One thousand two hundred individuals in a 30‐site network (40 trees per location) were genotyped with neutral genetic markers and studied in relation to regional differences in climate and surrounding site conditions (aridity, fire cycle, fragmentation). Multiple linear regression models and variance analysis were used to test relationships between genetic indices, structural parameters and the surrounding site factors. Results Overall, a high percentage of single ramet clones ( SRC ) and clonal diversity was detected and assumed to be the consequence of multiple sexual reproduction events that took place at all sites, together with suckering, which shapes the clonal structure of populations. Neutral genetic diversity and clonal structure suggested no substantial differences among sites, which were categorized into climate moisture index ( CMI ) classes; aspen stands across Canada were highly similar from a genetic point of view. Allelic richness ( AR ) and the average number of alleles ( N a ) varied significantly among clonal organization groups, and landscape fragmentation and a higher frequency of fires showed a negative influence on the levels of genetic diversity. Main conclusions Our results are inconsistent with the idea that the genotypic diversity of trembling aspen is related to the intensity of disturbance within the boreal forest. It appears that species‐specific disturbance responses and post‐fire recruitment mechanisms are more important than dominant ecological factors, such as climate and fire regimes, in shaping distribution‐wide patterns of neutral genetic variation and clonal structure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".