Effect of Joule heating and temperature‐dependent zeta potential on electroosmotic flow measurements in calorimetric flow sensors
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work reports a theoretical investigation of the effect of Joule heating and temperature‐dependent zeta potential on the electroosmotic flow measurements in calorimetric flow sensing. Joule heating resulting from the applied electric field in electroosmotic flow increases the temperature of the liquid inside the sensor and, consequently, modifies the sensor performance. The model presented in this paper considers temperature dependence of the wall zeta potential on the sensor characteristics. Additionally, all liquid properties such as density, viscosity, relative permittivity, specific heat, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity are taken as temperature‐dependent properties. A comparison between the characteristics of the modelled sensor in the presence and absence of Joule heating is presented. The effect of heater power on sensor characteristics is also discussed. Simulation results reveal that Joule heating and temperature dependence of zeta potential have a significant effect on the behaviour of calorimetric flow sensors, which must be considered when this type of sensor is used to measure electroosmotic flow. Temperature dependence of zeta potential, in particular, affected the velocity distribution inside the sensor considerably.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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