A Miniaturized 0.13-μm BiCMOS Reflective-Type Phase Shifter for K-Band Phased Arrarys (Invited)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of phased array systems, previously limited to official users and the military, has entered new application areas, resulting in greater general use. K-band phased arrays in the civilian satellites help to transmit the wireless data accurately and efficiently to automotive, ships and airplanes. When installed in a ground vehicle, phased arrays offer us a new driving experience by detecting potential road hazards and dangers automatically. The phase shifter is the crucial element to a phased array. A K-band phased-array system normally demands its phase shifter to be of wideband, low insertion loss, low loss variation and high linearity. This paper proposes a reflective-type phase shifter in GLOBALFOUNDRIES 0.13-μm SiGe technology that strikes an excellent and balanced performance. We have applied novel changes onto a conventional Lange coupler and carefully designed the loading network accordingly. The measured results are as follows. The operation frequency range covers almost the entire K-band to accommodate various applications using this frequency band. The phase shifter provides a 180° phase shift range. The insertion loss is limited to the range of 10-dB ± 3-dB. The group delay is less than 70-ps in the entire K-band. The input return loss both at the input and output ports is greater than 10-dB within the entire K-band. The die area excluding the pads is 550-μm × 290-μm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".