The permanent inhabitant of the oak trees: phylogeography and genetic structure of the Persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) is a keystone species in the Middle East's woodlands and oak forests. We investigated the phylogeography of the species using two partial mitochondrial (D-loop, Cyt b) and two nuclear (Rag1, Cmyc) markers with extensive sampling throughout the range of the species in the Irano-Anatolian region. Phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods and haplotype networks demonstrated two well-supported lineages of S. anomalus in the study area, including one lineage (comprising three groups) in Anatolia and another lineage (comprising two groups) in the Levant region and Zagros forests. The Anatolian and Levantine populations are found entirely in humid coastal regions, whereas the Zagros populations are associated with continental climatic conditions. No shared haplotypes and no evidence of gene flow (based on F ST statistics) were observed among the groups. Analysis indicated that the ancestral population of the species first evolved in western Anatolia and the Greek islands. Estimated divergence times of less than 1 Mya between the lineages, and among the groups within lineages, suggest that Pleistocene climatic fluctuations may have led to the isolation of the species in refugial areas during ice ages. Signs of population expansion indicate that subsequent postglacial expansion and diversification then shaped the current distribution pattern of the Persian squirrel.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".