Phenanthrene contamination and ploidy level influence the rhizosphere microbiome of <i>Spartina</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Spartina spp. are widely distributed salt marsh plants that have a recent history of hybridization and polyploidization. These evolutionary events have resulted in species with a heightened resilience to hydrocarbon contamination, which could make them an ideal model plant for the phytoremediation/reclamation of contaminated coastal ecosystems. However, it is still unknown if allopolyploidization events also resulted in differences in the plant rhizosphere-associated microbial communities, and if this could improve the plant phytoremediation potential. Here, we grew two parental Spartina species, their hybrid and the resulting allopolyploid in salt marsh sediments that were contaminated or not with phenanthrene, a model tricyclic PAH. The DNA from the rhizosphere soil was extracted and the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and ITS region were amplified and sequenced. Generally, both the presence of phenanthrene and the identity of the plant species had significant influences on the bacterial and fungal community structure, composition and diversity. In particular, the allopolyploid S. anglica , harbored a more diverse bacterial community in its rhizosphere, and relatively higher abundance of various bacterial and fungal taxa. Putative hydrocarbon degraders were significantly more abundant in the rhizosphere soil contaminated with phenanthrene, with the Nocardia genus being significantly more abundant in the rhizosphere of S. anglica . Overall our results are showing that the recent polyploidization events in the Spartina did influence the rhizosphere microbiome, both under normal and contaminated conditions, but more work will be necessary to confirm if these differences result in a higher phytoremediation potential. Importance Salt marshes are at the forefront of coastal contamination events caused by marine oil spills. Microbes in these environments play a key role in the natural attenuation of these contamination events, often in association with plant roots. One such plant is the Spartina, which are widely distributed salt marsh plants. Intriguingly, some species of the Spartina show heightened resistance to contamination, which we hypothesized to be due to differences in their microbiota. This was indeed the case, with the most resistant Spartina also showing the most different microbiota. A better understanding of the relationships between the Spartina and their microbiota could improve the coastal oil spill clean-up strategies and provide green alternatives to more traditional physico-chemical approaches.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".