The Exhibition of Art in Montreal’s Department Stores, 1900–1945
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis is the first historical study to engage with the overlooked topic of art exhibitions held in Montreal's department stores between the beginning of the century and the end of the Second World War.Although Montreal was home (though not concurrently) to fifteen department stores, this thesis is limited to four of them: Dupuis Frères, Henry Morgan & Co., Ogilvy's and the T. Eaton Co..They created an image of themselves not only as spaces for retail, but as active cultural actors within the larger phenomenon of the visual arts in Montreal.By the 1930s, they were essential parts of the Montreal art scene.This dissertation is divided into two chronological periods, 1900-27 and 1927-45.This first period was marked by Morgan's monopoly in the display and selling of visual art, while from the late 1920s onwards other department stores became active in this way.By examining these stores' display of art, and by setting this activity within the larger context of opportunities to view visual art in the city, this thesis recuperates the role of department stores in Montreal as active agents in the production, circulation and consumption of art.III Résumé Ce mémoire se veut être la première étude historique à s'intéresser aux expositions d'art présentées dans les grands magasins de Montréal dès les années 1900 jusqu'à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.Durant ces années, Montréal compta une quinzaine de ces grands magasins, bien que de façon non simultanée.Cette thèse se concentre sur seulement quatre d'entre eux : Dupuis Frères, Henry Morgan & Co., Ogilvy's et la T. Eaton Co.. Se revendiquant à la fois d'un rôle commercial et culturel, ces grands magasins ont su s'intégrer aux tendances du milieu culturel de leur époque.La chronologie mise de l'avant par ce mémoire est divisée en deux périodes qui se succèdent : 1900-27 et 1927-45.Durant cette première période, la maison Morgan jouit d'un monopole qu'elle se voit contraint de partager vers la fin des années 1920.Ainsi, au courant du vingtième siècle, ces institutions s'immiscèrent dans la scène culturelle montréalaise et en devinrent des agents de modernisation lors des processus de production, circulation et consommation d'objets d'art.to the writing of this thesis.First and foremost, I wish to express my gratitude to all the incredible people I have met and been in contact with during my degree, and whose interest in my research fueled my determination to go beyond.I am especially grateful to all the archivists in Ontario, Quebec and Manitoba who generously helped me dig into their records.I would also like to offer my warmest thanks to the scholars with whom I have met and exchanged correspondence throughout the last two years.I am grateful to my supervisor, Brian Foss, for encouraging me to strive for excellence.Fortunately, I benefited tremendously from my fellow graduate students at Carleton
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.023 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".