Bilateral Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy During Treatment with Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a blood-borne pathogen that often results in chronic liver infection leaving patients at risk for cirrhosis, liver decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma. The goal of therapy is to eliminate the virus in order to minimize morbidity and mortality from HCV infection. Traditional treatment has utilized a combination of pegylated-interferon (IFN) and ribavirin that often causes both systemic and ocular side effects. The most common ocular side effects are retinal hemorrhages and cotton wool spots, although in rare circumstances more significant ophthalmic adverse events have been attributed to IFN therapy. Here we discuss a case of bilateral anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) that occurred during treatment with IFN and ribavirin for HCV genotype 1. We review the proposed pathogenesis of ocular side effects associated with this regimen, as well as the pathogenesis and risk factors associated with AION itself. Finally, we will offer clinical recommendations for screening for more than retinopathy should a patient present with ophthalmic complications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".