Incision-Free Minimally Invasive Conjunctival Surgery (MICS) for Late-Onset Bleb Leaks After Trabeculectomy (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study describes an incision-free minimally invasive conjunctival surgical (MICS) technique to repair late-onset leaking blebs after trabeculectomy. METHODS: A surgical technique to repair leaking blebs without incision or excision of conjunctiva is described. This is followed by retrospective review of all patients treated at the Glaucoma Unit at St. Michael's Hospital for bleb leaks repaired with MICS from 2012 to 2017. With Research Ethics Board approval, clinical data obtained from the charts included demographic information, vision, intraocular pressure (IOP) data before and after surgery, need for additional medication, and complications. Resolution of the bleb leak without the need for additional therapy or intervention for glaucoma control was considered a success. RESULTS: The MICS approach was applied to 14 eyes of 13 consecutive patients with a leaking bleb. Mean age of presentation was 70.2 ± 14.8 years, and all patients had a history of mitomycin use at the time of glaucoma surgery. The onset of bleb leak following trabeculectomy ranged from 7 months to 16.3 years. Mean pre-operative IOP was 4.5 ± 2.8 mm Hg; IOP measured 12.3 ± 3.0 mm Hg immediately after the procedure. Complete resolution of the bleb leak was observed following surgery in all cases. The follow-up period ranged from 2 weeks to 61 months (10.2 ± 18.1). Recurrent bleb leak was reported in 1 patient 2 years following initial surgery. In all cases, the initially repaired filtering blebs remained functional at last follow-up, and no additional medications were required. CONCLUSIONS: The MICS procedure is an effective option for treating late-onset leaking blebs without cutting or excising conjunctival tissue. The minimal requirements of this method make it additionally accessible to low-resource settings. NOTE: Publication of this article is sponsored by the American Ophthalmological Society.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".