Influence of freeze–thaw cycles on mechanical responses of cemented paste tailings in surface storage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Surface cemented paste tailings disposal (SPD) has become a useful practice in many mines around the world. The method is a sustainable tailings management that returns tailings to fill the surface cavities and subsidence caused by mining operations, thereby maximising the safety, efficiency and environment of tailings management. This study was conducted to manifest the mechanical responses of the SPD cover layer induced by freezing and thawing cycle (FTC). It shows that with an increase of FTCs, lots of microcracks are formed, scaled and spalled on the sample's surface. The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) of SPD specimens decrease with increasing FTCs. The reduction of the specimen with a higher cement-to-tailing ratio and longer curing age is smaller than that with lower cement content. The logarithm equation can be available to estimate the UCS values of SPD with the measured data of UPV. The results may be helpful to better understand not only SPD for sustainable tailings management but also the enhancement of the rehabilitation of subsidence in mine regions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".