Morphological and genetic analysis of Milnesium cf. granulatum (Tardigrada: Milnesiidae) from Northeastern North America‡
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Specimens of a limnoterrestrial tardigrade collected from moss in New Hampshire, USA and Newfoundland, Canada were identified as belonging to the genus Milnesium. Morphometric data and genetic analysis of the COI gene demonstrated that animals collected from these sites represent the same species. Specimens most closely resemble Milnesium granulatum, a South American species that has been reported also from Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), USA. New Hampshire and Newfoundland animals have the same adult claw configuration and cuticular granulation pattern as M. granulatum. Theira* (i.e., normalized to correct for allometric effects) pt values differ from GSMNP M. granulatum in having a more posterior stylet support insertion point. However, all their morphometric values overlap in range with GSMNP specimens. Unlike some other species in the genus, the claw configuration of New Hampshire Milnesium cf. granulatum shows no ontogenetic change in claw configuration. A short (269 bp on average) fragment of the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS-2) was sequenced for 20 New Hampshire adults and from siblings hatched in the laboratory from 8 egg clutches. Genetic diversity among New Hampshire adults was 0.0-3.7%. Multiple haplotypes were found between siblings in a single clutch.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".