In Situ AFM Analysis of Surface Electron Behaviors of Strain‐Free and Deformed Ferrite and Austenite in Duplex Steel and Their Correlation with Electron Work Function
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Surface electron state and kinetic behavior as well as their spatial distributions strongly influence surface properties of microscopically inhomogeneous materials and related processes. Using a multi‐mode atomic force microscope, electron work functions and surface electrical currents of ferrite and austenite in duplex steel are in situ analyzed. Along with slightly higher work function, the austenite shows higher electrical conductance than ferrite, which is consistent with first‐principles calculations. Local plastic deformation introduced by micro‐indentation results in considerable changes. The current around indents on austenite slightly increases along with lowered work function, while that around the indent on ferrite increases significantly accompanied with lowered work function. Efforts are made to understand mechanisms for the observed phenomena.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".