Abstract P486: Effects of Isometric Leg Training on Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Morning Blood Pressure Surge in Young Normotensive Men and Women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death globally with hypertension reported to be a leading modifiable risk factor. Ambulatory blood pressure (BP), in particular diurnal BP variability, is considered to be associated with CVD risk. In addition, the morning BP surge (MBPS) is thought to be associated with increased stroke risk and to be a destabilizing factor for atherosclerotic plaque. Isometric resistance training (IRT) is an effective method of lowering BP and has been recommended by the American Heart Association as an alternative treatment for reducing BP. To date, few studies have investigated the effects of IRT on ambulatory BP and particularly the morning surge in BP. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether (i) IRT causes reductions in ambulatory BP and the MBPS, in young normotensives and (ii) there are any sex differences in these changes. Methods: Ambulatory BP was measured prior to, and after, 10 weeks of bilateral leg IRT using an isokinetic dynamometer (4 x 2 minute contractions at 20% MVC, with 2 minute rest periods on 3 days per week). Twenty normotensive individuals (10 men, age=21 ± 4 years; 10 women, age=23 ± 5 years) were recruited. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess the within and between groups ambulatory (mean 24-h, daytime, night time and diurnal variation) BP and MBPS. MBPS was calculated as: mean systolic BP 2 hours after waking minus the lowest sleeping 1 hour mean systolic BP. Results: There were significant reductions in 24-h ambulatory (4 ± 2 mmHg, p=0.0001; 4 ± 2 mmHg, p=0.0001) systolic BP in both men and women following IRT. This comprised significant reductions in day time (5 ± 5 mmHg, p=0.019; 5 ± 4 mmHg, p=0.002) but not night time (1 ± 5 mmHg, p=0.75; 1 ± 3 mmHg, p=0.3) systolic BP. Additionally, there were significant reductions in the MBPS (6 ± 8 mmHg, p=0.044; 6 ± 7 mmHg, p=0.019). There were no significant differences between men and women in these changes (p>0.05). Conclusion: These results support previous research showing that IRT is effective in lowering ambulatory BP. Furthermore, the significant reductions in the MBPS offer the potential for clinically meaningful CVD and stroke risk reduction, provided these effects can be demonstrated in those who are at risk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".