Bevacizumab in metastatic small-bowel adenocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cancers of the small bowel could account for less than 5% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. Of these tumors, adenocarcinomas were the major histologic subtype and generally carried a poor prognosis. High expression of vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF) could be seen in small bowel adenocarcinomas. A systematic review was conducted here to determine if bevacizumab, a recombinant humanized antibody against VEGF, could offer clinical benefit among patients with metastatic small bowel adenocarcinoma when combined with chemotherapy. A search for relevant published and unpublished studies was performed using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, the American Society of Clinical Oncology meetings library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ISRCTN registry. Information on study design, methods, intervention, and outcomes were extracted from selected eligible studies. Methodological quality was then assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. There was a significant improvement in mean overall survival with the addition of bevacizumab with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone. The use of bevacizumab with chemotherapy, likewise improved progression-free survival and objective response rate compared to chemotherapy alone. Continued use of bevacizumab beyond first progression also appeared to show benefit. The conduct of prospective controlled studies by consortia to offset the rarity of small bowel adenocarcinomas could further elucidate the efficacy of bevacizumab in the treatment of this disease.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.018 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".