Experiences of Sino-Belgian Trade Development modeling1/EXPERIENCES DU MODELE DE DEVELOPPEMENT DU COMMERCE SINO-BELGE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Sino-Belgian trading model-Support middle & small high-tech enterprises cooperation; Government-NGO-financial institutions unite into one to establish efficient & direct connect; Promote bilateral foreign trade through technological innovation-can provide China with certain experiences not only in further enlarging Sino-EU trade, but also in China's current economy transformation. Key words: Sino-Belgian model; high-tech small enterprises cooperation; Sino-EU trade Resume: Le modele de commerce sino-belge-soutenir la cooperation de haute technologie des petites et moyennes entreprises, le gouvernement- les O.N.G- les institutions financieres s'unissent pour etablir un contact efficace et direct, promouvoir le commerce bilateral par l'innovation-peut apporter a la Chine certaines experiences non seulement dans l'elargissement du commerce sino-europeen, mais egalement dans la transformation economique actuelle de la Chine. Mots-Cles: modele sino-belge, cooperation de haute technologie des petites et moyennes entreprises, commerce sino-europeen Sino-Belgian trade has started as early as 17th century. During 1896-1905, Belgian engineer Jean Jadot hosted Hakou-Beijing railway, now known as Wuhan Beijing railway. This project was a great technological innovation then, it now still plays a significant role in Sino-Belgian bilateral engineering. China renewed its formal diplomatic relationship with Belgium in Oct. 1971, the bilateral relations have been undergoing smooth development ever since. Sino-Belgian bilateral trade was only USD 20 million in 1971, while in Jan. Nov. 2005, this figure has reached USD 10.657805 billion, with an increase of over 500 times. China is now Belgium's second largest trading partner except U.S. Belgium is China's 6th largest trading partner & the 7th biggest investor among EU countries. Belgium has been one of the earliest countries to offer governmental loan to China, it is also China's most important technology & high-tech program supplier. Belgian economy is highly complimentary with that of China. Shanghai Bell company & Xi 'an Yangsen corporation have become successful Sino-Belgian bilateral cooperation examples. Belgium has also been quite active in participating China's big west exploitation & Sino-Belgian high-tech cooperation. Both countries have been engaging in close cooperation in foreign trade, transportation, medicine, etc. Belgian, relying on service with sound industrial basis, is famous for its high-tech light industrial products. Its world famous products include chocolate, beer, diamond, carpet & rugs. Diamond & food are the two main industries toward China market, besides carpets & rugs, clothing & flowers also play an important role in Sino-Belgian trade. Export Vlaanderen has jointly organized dozens of related Belgian carpet & rugs companies to attend Chinafloor held annually in Shanghai. This has also become their most successful project in China, they put forward the program of Basing on Belgium, developing in Europe, start from Vlaanderen! Belgian is a small country with little natural resources, with 95% of its domestic companies are small ones engaging mainly in import & export, Service industry has been quite essential in Belgian national economy. With narrow domestic market, middle & small Belgian businesses have to export based on high-tech & advanced equipment, they have a say in international market by their flagship products. Belgian high-tech middle & small enterprises are open both in its structure & operation. They have been engaging for generations in the productions of machine fittings such as car spares. Belgian Prime Minister Mr. Verhofstadt has emphasized to support Belgian middle & small enterprises in Sino-Belgian high-tech cooperation in areas such as telecommunication & information. China's Prime Minister Wen Jiaobao has focused on further promoting Sino-Belgian trade in energy, environmental protection & high technology. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".