Found, forgotten, and found again: systematics and distribution of Cooper’s Rocky Mountain snail (<i>Oreohelix cooperi</i>) on a sky island in the Canadian Prairies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The results of phylogeographic and biogeographic studies of organisms residing in isolated habitats provide key insights into processes of population differentiation, speciation, and endemicity. Several of the approximately 70 species of land snail in the genus Oreohelix Pilsbry, 1904 occur only on isolated sky islands on the North American Great Plains. The restricted distributions of these snails have led to concerns regarding their conservation status, particularly in western Canada where their systematics and distributions are poorly known. Cooper’s Rocky Mountain snail (Oreohelix cooperi (Binney, 1858)) has been reported from several sky islands in the northern United States. We evaluated morphological characteristics and sequence data for samples of putative O. cooperi collected from a sky island in the Cypress Hills area of southeastern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan. COI sequences matched O. cooperi from snails collected on sky islands in South Dakota and Wyoming and morphological analyses of shell shape and male genitalia were consistent with published descriptions of this species. COI and ITS2 sequences and morphological characteristics of these snails did not match other Oreohelix spp. found in the Cypress Hills and in the adjacent Rocky Mountains. Our results extend the distribution of O. cooperi into southern Canada and confirm its endemicity within sky islands of western North America.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".